2'-Amino-3'-methoxyflavone (PD98059), 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5- (4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole (SB203580) and 1,2-bis (amino- phenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM) were from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). 2 - ( 4 - M or p h o...
Determinationofapoptosisbyterminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was performed using the Apo-BrdUTM apoptosis detection kit (PharMingen, San Diego, CA, USA) to quantify induction of apoptosis following the...
acetate (PMA), genistein, tyrphostin A25, egtazic acid (EGTA), nifedipine (Nif), CdCl2, PTX, and chol- era toxin (CTX) were from Sigma Chemical Co (St Louis, USA); BAPTA/AM, Ro-31-8220, calphostin C, and W-7 were products of Calbiochem-Novabiochem International (San Diego, USA)...
Startle paradigm The prepulse inhibition experiments were performed in four startle chambers (San Diego Instru- ments, San Diego, CA, USA). The chambers contained a plexiglass tube (diameter 8.2 cm, length 25 cm) mounted on a plastic frame, under which a piezoelectric accelerometer was attached....
GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Differences between groups were tested using ANOVA or the Mann- Whitney test. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results Acetamide-45 decreased total leukocytes and eosinophils ...
A model of the DMPC membrane monolayer was constructed by using the software Material Studio (version 2.2.1; Accelrys, San Diego, CA, USA). According to the work done by van der Ploeg and Berendsen, the DMPC monolayer is composed of 25 DMPC molecules (5×5×1)[24]. The unit cell ...
Mouse isotype antibodies served as the con- trols (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA). Pellet culture For the preparation of each pellet, hASC of passage 5 were trypsinized, counted and resuspended in the chondrogenic DMEM containing 10 ng/mL hTGF beta2, 1×10-7 mol/L dexamethasone, 6.25 ...
The PCR fragments were cloned into the pGEM-T vector for DNA sequencing and then transferred to pTrcHIS (Invitrogen, San Diego, California, USA) series for expression. Recombinant proteins were purified using Co2+– Sepharose. Cell maintenance and proliferation assays Breast can- cer cells MDA-MB...
The intracellular pool of receptors is defined as the total number of receptors minus those on the cell surface. Saturation and displacement curves were ana- lyzed by non-linear regression analysis with Prism (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical analysis Data from confocal ...
U73122 was purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). U73122 and wortmannin were prepared as stock solutions in dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO), with a final concentration of Me2SO of 0.1%. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) were prod- ucts of Hyclone...