2'-Amino-3'-methoxyflavone (PD98059), 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5- (4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole (SB203580) and 1,2-bis (amino- phenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM) were from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). 2 - ( 4 - M or p h o...
Startle paradigm The prepulse inhibition experiments were performed in four startle chambers (San Diego Instru- ments, San Diego, CA, USA). The chambers contained a plexiglass tube (diameter 8.2 cm, length 25 cm) mounted on a plastic frame, under which a piezoelectric accelerometer was attached....
Transient transfections were performed using lipofectMINE 2000 (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's recommen- dation, and the nuclear was stained by 4',6-Diamidino-2- phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, MO. USA). Plasmid construction The plasmid pIpf...
GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Differences between groups were tested using ANOVA or the Mann- Whitney test. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results Acetamide-45 decreased total leukocytes and eosinophils ...
The intracellular pool of receptors is defined as the total number of receptors minus those on the cell surface. Saturation and displacement curves were ana- lyzed by non-linear regression analysis with Prism (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical analysis Data from confocal ...
A model of the DMPC membrane monolayer was constructed by using the software Material Studio (version 2.2.1; Accelrys, San Diego, CA, USA). According to the work done by van der Ploeg and Berendsen, the DMPC monolayer is composed of 25 DMPC molecules (5×5×1)[24]. The unit cell ...
An mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 was determined by real- time PCRusing SYBR GreenMaster Mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) as described in a previous study[19] Statistical analysis The log-rank test of nonparametric analysis (Instat software; Graph Pad, San Diego, CA, USA)...
Irvine and co-workers studied a large number of compounds using both MDCK and Caco-2 assays to evalu- ate the suitability of MDCK cells as a possible tool for as- sessing membrane permeability and found that they were well suited. Others have also pointed out that MDCK cells are good ...
The PCR fragments were cloned into the pGEM-T vector for DNA sequencing and then transferred to pTrcHIS (Invitrogen, San Diego, California, USA) series for expression. Recombinant proteins were purified using Co2+– Sepharose. Cell maintenance and proliferation assays Breast can- cer cells MDA-MB...
The cells were then stained with fluo- rescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-TLR9 mAb or an unconjugated rabbit anti-TLR7 polyclonal antibody (Imgenex, San Diego, CA, USA). PE-conjugated goat antirabbit immunoglobulin G (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) was used as a secondary antibody for...