For the bulk of our species’ approximately 200,000-year lifespan, we had no means of precisely representing quantities. What’s more, the 7,000 or so languages that exist today vary dramatically in how they utilize numbers. [C] Speakers of anumeric, or numberless, lang...
2.12. Note that the distribution of the means calculated from a sample of size 2 more closely resembles a normal distribution than a uniform distribution. Using the formulas for the mean and variance of a probability distribution given in Section 2.3, we can verify that the mean of the ...
“I can’t be a pessimist because I am alive. To be a pessimist means that you have agreed that human life is an academic matter. So, I am forced to be an optimist. I am forced to believe that we can survive, whatever we must survive.” -James Baldwin …”We don’t laugh becaus...
Incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence under influences of the Hall and the gyro-viscous terms was studied by means of direct numerical simulations of freely decaying, homogeneous and approximately isotropic turbulence. Numerical results were compared among MHD, Hall MHD, and extended MHD mod...