Genetic Variation Among Influenza VirusesWebster, RG, Hinshaw, VS, Berton, MT, Laver, WG, Air, G (1981) Antigenic drift in influenza viruses and association of biological activity with the topography of the hemagglutinin molecule. Genetic Variation Among Influenza Viruses. Academic Press, New York...
Antigenic shift:Much less frequent thanantigenic drift(occurring only in influenza A), it involves a profound change in the virus with a new hemagglutinin orneuraminidasetype produced, possibly from another species; for example, simultaneous infection of a host with a human andavian influenzastrain c...
Antigenic drift of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) is enabled by facile evolvability. However, HA antigenic site B, which has become immunodominant in recent human H3N2 influenza viruses, is also evolutionarily constrained by its involvement in receptor binding. Here, we employ deep mutational scann...
An epizootic of influenza in the summer of 1979 caused sickness in 1011 of 1303 trotting horses in stables that were affected. The disease affected 37% of horses regularly vaccinated against both equine subtypes, 77% of horses vaccinated irregularly or only once and 98% of non vaccinated horses...
Results of analysing antigenic variation in the haemagglutinin (HA) molecule of naturally occurring influenza A (H1N1) viruses from 1977 to 1979 with monoclonal antibodies were found to be dependent in some instances on the test system used. In several instances A/USSR/90/77 HA-specific monoclonal...
1. The virus is really changing because of what we call antigenic drift and shift. 这种病毒的变化就是因为我们所说的抗原漂移或是抗原更换。 article.yeeyan.org 2. Separation on A New Antigenic Drift strain A3 of Influenza Viruses in Guizhou 贵州省分离出一株甲3型流感病毒新变异株 www.ilib.cn...
Antigenic drift, random genetic mutation of an infectious agent resulting in minor changes in proteins called antigens, which stimulate the production of antibodies by the immune systems of humans and animals. These mutations typically produce antigens t
The blending of genomes by influenza strains of distinct animals is required for the antigenic shift to take place. On the other hand, antigenic drift is the gradual build-up of several relatively harmless genetic changes over time. How does antigenic shift happen? If a flu virus in an animal...
Although viral-based influenza vaccines contain neuraminidase (NA or N) antigens from the recommended seasonal strains, NA is not extensively evaluated like hemagglutinin (H) during the strain selection process. Here, we compared the antigenicity of NAs
1. The virus is really changing because of what we call antigenic drift and shift. 这种病毒的变化就是因为我们所说的抗原漂移或是抗原更换。 article.yeeyan.org 2. Separation on A New Antigenic Drift strain A3 of Influenza Viruses in Guizhou 贵州省分离出一株甲3型流感病毒新变异株 www.ilib.cn...