Resistance genesFood animalsIndian scenarioSuper bugsAntibiotics are majorly used in food animals for growth promotion and prophylactic purposes in public health and environment. The aim of this review is mainly
Widespread use and residues of antibiotics in humans, animals, and the environment can exert selective pressure on antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG), accelerating the flow of antibiotic resistance. As ARG spreads to the population, the burden of antibiotic ...
Antibiotic resistance is a global health challenge, involving the transfer of bacteria and genes between humans, animals and the environment. Although multiple barriers restrict the flow of both bacteria and genes, pathogens recurrently acquire new resistance factors from other species, thereby reducing ...
Resistance to antibiotics has increased dramatically over the past few years and has now reached a level that places future patients in real danger. Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are commensals and pathogens for humans and animals, have become increasingly resi...
J. Contributions of individual mechanisms to fluoroquinolone resistance in 36 Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and animals. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40, 2380–2386 (1996). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kosmidis, C. et al. Expression of multidrug resistance ...
Resistance to antibiotics has increased dramatically over the past few years and has now reached a level that places future patients in real danger. Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are commensals and pathogens for humans and animals, have become increasingly resi...
Antibiotic resistance Major antibiotics References & Edit HistoryRelated Topics Videos For Students antibiotic summary Read Next 17 Questions About Health and Wellness Answered Discover Queen Mab’s Stable: 7 of the Smallest Animals 10 Paintings You Should See at the Met in New York City ...
to resistance propagation in the environment. However, the number of publications related to antibiotic resistance in animal husbandry is not commensurate with the dominant use of antibiotics in this sector. Inset shows antibiotic consumption by humans and animals in three major countries/regions.76,...
Over time, the study of antibiotic resistance has grown from focusing on single pathogenic organisms in axenic culture to studying antibiotic resistance in pathogenic, commensal and environmental bacteria at the level of microbial communities. As the study of antibiotic resistance advances, it is ...
Types of resistance and role of multidrug efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance.(Source: Data taken from [29]). Intrinsic resistance in the bacteria can be achieved by overexpression of efflux pumps due to mutation, inherent structural or functional characteristics of the bacteria [30]. There are...