The revised definition of modules (green) as well as co-evolving domains (blue, red) are highlighted. (b) Rapalogs, a diversity-oriented library of rapamycin derivatives gained by laboratory-scale evolution, termed ‘accelerated evolution’. Forced recombination events of the highly homologous ...
Because the definition of antibiotic persistence is anchored in the heterogeneity of the response to antibiotics in the population, it is a population-level phenotype. However, tolerance can be the attribute of a whole population that is killed at a slow rate as well as of a single cell that...
1A). By definition, increases in the MIC toward a given antibiotic in in vitro assays are indicative of the emergence and expansion of resistant mutants in a bacterial population [21]. In other words, genetic determinants that confer resistance decrease the effectiveness of specific antibiotics, ...
Images were captured at high definition at ~ × 85 000 magnification and a scan rate of 100 ms per frame. Atomic force microscopy analysis AFM images were acquired in air using a Bruker Dimension FastScan AFM with a Nanoscope V controller, operating in PeakForce Tapping mode. Bruker ScanAsyst...
These data reflect the enhanced obesity in mice exposed to both STAT and HFD, and provide further definition of the sex differences observed. STAT affects hepatic steatosis Upon sacrifice, fatty infiltrates in the liver were visible in 13 of 37 mice (Fig. 4a; 10/18 in STAT, 3/19 in ...
BMI was categorised into six groups (plus one group for missing data) according to the NICE definition: not obese (< 30 kg/m2), obese I (30–34.9 kg/m2), obese II (35–39.9 kg/m2), and obese III (≥ 40 kg/m2) [22]. Health status variables were assessed in the most ...
antimicrobial agents have also multiple roles as mediators of inflammation with the effects on epithelial and inflammatory cells, influencing cell proliferation, wound healing, cytokine/chemokine production and chemotaxis. This review describes the biology of these antimicrobial molecules and discusses their ...
(Section 1.1.1 ofSupplementary Information) that include information about antibiotic resistance, effects of antibiotics on the expression patterns, gene-regulatory relations with transcription factors, and the impact of genes on the biology of an organism at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels...
Regardless of the definition, the syndrome identifies a group of individuals at increased risk for vascular disease. In an analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) participants over the age of 50 with metabolic syndrome showed a coronary heart disease ...
Mustafa Akcelik et al., “Turkiye'den Izole Edilen Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Suslarinda Nisin Uretim Ozelliginin Genetik Determinanlarinin Belirlenmesi”, “Definition of Genetic Determinants of Nisin Production Ability in Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis Strains Isolated from Turkey”, Tr. ...