act against a broad spectrum of different bacteria. These are particularly useful in combating mixed infections and in treating infections when there is no time to conduct sensitivity tests. While some antibiotics, such as the semisynthetic penicillins and the quinolones, can be taken orally, others...
A practical and extremely effective tool against the spread of antibiotic resistance is hand washing. The importance of hand washing was first realized in the 1840s by German-Hungarian physician Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis. Today, hand washing among medical personnel still is not as routine and thorough...
Xerava is a fluorocycline antibiotic in the tetracycline class with potent activity against multi-drug resistant pathogens. In studies, Xerava achieved high cure rates in patients with Gram-negative pathogens, including resistant isolates. Xepi (ozenoxacin) Cream, 1%, a topical non-fluorinated ...
2D). This indicates the Mla pathway is important for membrane integrity in K56-2, as large antibiotics are ineffective against Gram-negatives with intact membranes. To support these findings, we used CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi)46,47 to silence the mlaFEDvacJ and mlaCB operons. Silencing ...
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are effective against a relatively restricted range of bacterial types, whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics are active against a wider range. Bacteria are commonly classified by their morphology (i.e., bacilli, cocci and spirochaetes), reaction to Gram stain (Gram-positive...
Similar sulfur- containing structures are typically found in metabolites of plants (mustard oils), mainly of the order Brassicales, where they serve as chemical defence against herbivores and pathogens18,19. The production of these four compounds by B. gladioli Lv-StA suggested them as candidates ...
Oritavancin is a semisynthetic derivative of the glycopeptide antibiotic chloroeremomycin with activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci. Compared to vancomycin, oritavancin is characterized by the presence of two additional residues, a hydrophobic 4'...
[6,22]. The reason for this situation is the development of different mechanisms of acquired resistance in the pathogen that attributes the ability to protect itself naturally through a response generated against the attack of antibacterials, allowing its survival. This resistance is acquired through ...
difficile- associated diarrhea.37 Independently, a screening program, designed to detect cell-wall-inhibiting compounds turned out to be very effective in identifying lantibiotics from actinomycetes.38 It consisted of iden- tifying extracts active against S. aureus but inactive against isogenic L-forms...
We show that resistance emerges from the cyclic nature of the cell wall biosynthetic pathway, in which high-abundance intermediates provide a buffer against sequestration of low-abundance intermediates. In this light it seems plausible that bacteria may have evolved to minimise the abundance of ...