Local and non-local firms embedded in different regional contexts form diverse informal cultures and regulations, affecting how they interact with the formal IP system (Huang et al. 2017). For example, research on firm commercial law suggests that a company’s context, especially its political or...
SSRN Electronic JournalDugar, S. (2008). Asymmetric behavioral effects of informal sanction and reward on cooperation in an experimental public good game. Working Paper.Dugar, S. 2008a. `Asymmetric behavioral effects of informal sanction and reward on cooperation in an experimental Public Good ...
An ordinal number is defined as a term like 'first', 'second', 'third', etc., used to indicate the position of an element in a sequence, such as "the first stop" or "the third attempt". AI generated definition based on: Writing Effective Business Rules, 2012 ...
As an example, suppose thatAlicesuccessfully violates the physical security ofprocessing nodePN, causing a security violation that can allow her to access private information related to the pollutant levels in the air of San Francisco. This security violation can allowAliceto infer pathologies of the...
(NHS Employers,2023). This can be explained when considering that the formal components of an organisation’s ethical infrastructure are nested in a wider set of informal system elements, described through a set of overlapping concepts such as moral atmosphere (Higgins et al.,1984), ethical ...
Since the redefinition of self-control (Hirschi, 2004) social bonding measures have been utilized as predictors or indicators of revised or decisional self-control. This approach departs from the prior literature which has hypothesized a selection effect of self-control on social bonds. To reconcile...
I’m not comfortable either saying that one side is more dangerous than the other. What I will say is that the threats from the left tend to involve informal mechanisms of sanction, and they are no less censorious for that informality. They can do enormous damage, and it’s a significant...
This happened, for example, in the Brumărescu v. Romania judgment, which concerned the deprivation of an apartment building in violation of the right to protection of property. In other judgments, such as the Akdivar v. Turkey judgment, the Court ordered compensation to be paid to the ...
As an example, the coupling of a photon mode with different spin-wave modes of MSSW, BVMSW and FVMSW was successfully demonstrated (Fig. 32) according to the direction of externally applied magnetic fields with respect to the spin-wave propagation direction in a hybrid P-M-coupled system ...
Why do informal markets resist formalizing, even when the gains of doing so outweigh its costs in the long run? While a number of responses to this questio