When a researcher selects an independent variable in an experiment, behaviors of unexpected extraneous variables will sometimes be dependent on the intensity of the independent variable. An example of this situation is what is called a confounding variable. An example of such a variable might be th...
A classical example of a statistical model is the autoregressive (AR) model, which represents a class of linear predictive models in which the future outcome of the observed variable is predicted based on a linear combination of past outcomes and an independent identically distributed random variable...
To build this equation, we first need a set ofx-ysample points. Although any two ratio-scale variables will do, most commonly thex-ypoints combine the setting on an independent ratio-scale variable (x) with the measured value of a human response on a dependent variable (y). Since we ar...
back to unknown. Furthermore, devices can explicitly write a parameter to unknown; for example, if the GPS antenna can't see enough satellites to generate a position solution. In this way, a device depending on this parameter can never be fooled by outdated or invalid data....
them well. For example, I discovered a whole class of apps whose sole purpose is to generate rude noises. In practice, they’re essentially a re-implementation of the whoopee cushion on a phone. People seem to find them amusing, at least enough to pay money to load them onto their ...
defaultReleasedState: the logical value of the button when it is in its default "released" state (HIGH using a pull-up resistor, LOW for a pull-down resistor) id: an optional, user-defined identifier for the button, for example, an index into an array with additional information The pin...
For example, onefile compression will work for a Python 2.x when another Python is found that has the zstandard package installed. Moving binaries to other machines The created binaries can be made executable independent of the Python installation, with --standalone and --onefile options. Binary...
The flow width of the photoresist is a critical dimension that must be controlled to ensure the proper functioning of the ICs. By monitoring the flow width of the photoresist, engineers can ensure that the process is producing high-quality results. Montgomery32 provides an example of a hard ...
Effect of two-position control on the time variation of a controlled variable. (A) Two-position action when no control differential is used (rapid cycles). (B) Two-position action with a control differential. Examples of two-position controls are domestic hot-water heating, residential space-...
A frequently occurring example is the use of index variables accessing elements of a vector or array. While all threads will use the same index variable name, typically “i”, when accessing an element of the shared vector, perhaps “x[i]”, the range of values of the index variable will...