In a controlled experiment, the independent variable is the treatment that researchers control. They set both the form of treatment (e.g., dosage) and which participants receive it. The outcome variable is the dependent variable, which the researchers measure. Extraneous variables can also affect ...
For example, say you are trying to determine whether a particularfertilizerhas an effect on plant growth. The independent variable is the presence or absence of the fertilizer, while the dependent variable is the height of the plant or rate of growth. If you don't control the amount of ligh...
Costs per patient will be the outcome variable and one dummy variable indicating the two models (with the Facility Model as the reference) will be the exposure variable. Other covariates include time and interaction terms between intervention dummies and time. To provide mean and 95% confidence ...
In addition, the channel capacities that we have defined for discrete variable controlled dense coding are the optimal ones for given states so that it can be interpreted as an intrinsic property of the state, whereas optimal channel capacities of CV states are not known in general. Thus, in ...
Logistic regression was implemented for the binary endpoint of DCR; Cox proportional hazards models were implemented for the time-to-event endpoints, PFS and OS; each model contained only one exposure variable, the group of treatment (experimental vs control treatment), and was weighted with SMRW...
Second, the authors also try to use the most appropriate variable of policy reform, for example, exogenous changes in import-tariffs instead of the endogenous sum of all trade flows. Third, the authors try to base the before-after reform comparison on the most accurate date for the beginning...
School was controlled for, but showed no effect, and the variable was thus removed from the model. Both group, time and group x time contributed significantly to reduction in prejudiced beliefs from pre-test to follow-up, meaning that both the difference between control and intervention group, ...
Interaction of each independent variable with treatment group was tested in the multivariate model and kept in the model if p < 0.1. Independent variables with p > 0.1 were removed from the multivariate model in a backwise fashion, and variables with the largest p-value were removed first. ...
Check the temp environment variable When trying to change folder/library properties, file explorer closes When using Edge I get a "There is a problem with this website’s security certificate" error. Why? Where are drivers for installed printers stored on disk in Windows? Where are new ...
aThe properly terminated type-I square lattice. The highlighted (blue) sites indicate the waveguides that regulate the hoping termt3. They are associated with a variable index difference Δn3.bThe bulk band structure corresponding to an infinite lattice (both along thex- andy-direction), with ...