Under normal conditions, cells employ mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) to degrade p53 to block p53-induced cellular apoptosis.22 However, the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 increases resistance to MDM2-mediated protein degradation. The vital initial signal for p53 phosphorylation is DNA-dependen...
Liver enzymes (such as GGT, AST, and ALT)—labs measure liver enzyme activity in serum or plasma, where higher activity indicates liver damage. The key tissue for alcohol-induced toxic consequences is the liver, as it is the site of alcohol metabolism. When moderate to excessive drinking is...
Among various liver diseases such as drug-induced liver injury (DILI), herb-induced liver injury (HILI), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or those caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, especially ALD continues ...