Acyl halides and acid anhydrides react readily with water to give carboxylic acids. Esters react with water in an equilibrium reaction to give an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. Amides are stable to water under
Similarly, we can use thionyl chloride to convert a carboxylic acid to an acyl halide. It reacts with an alcohol to give a chlorosulfite ester (Section 15.3). Sign in to download full-size image The mechanism for the reaction of SOCl2 with carboxylic acids occurs in three steps, and it ...
resulting product is reacted with an alkanolamine or diol in an inert liquid medium while passing a stream of hydrogen chloride gas therethrough. The amine hydrochlorides produced in this manner may be converted to the corresponding isocyanates by reaction with phosgene or other carbonyl dihalide. ...
The compounds of formula XIII in which U2 is a (1-4C)alkylthio group may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula XIX with an alkylating agent, for example a (1-4C)alkyl halide such as methyl iodide. Suitable media for the reaction include ketones such as acetone. Conveniently the ...
The trichloromethyl benzoic acid esters can be made by the partial hydrolysis of the corresponding a ,a ,a ,a 1,a 1,a 1-hexachloroxylenes to the trichloromethyl benzoyl chlorides and conversion to an ester by heating with a primary alcohol. Alternatively the esters may be made by exhaustive...
reacts further to form cyclic amide-ethers which are undesirable products. This side reaction is avoided by using a lower reaction temperature, e. g. 40-60° C. in this instance or by use of an inert diluent such as alcohol. When the acylation is carried out using an acyl anhydride ...
(A) acylating a compound of the formula II ##STR3## with a compound of the formula III ##STR4## or with a reactive derivative thereof, such as the acid halide or anhydride, or (B) reacting an already acylated compound of the formula IV ##STR5## with a compound of the formula ...
Diazonium compounds of this type are, for example, reacted in a manner known per se with a P(III) halide, such as PCl3 or PBr3, and worked up by hydrolysis, those compounds of the formula I being obtainable in which R3 is PO3 H2. A suitable Z1 radical which can be converted ...
Diazonium compounds of this type are, for example, reacted in a manner known per se with a P(III) halide, such as PCl3 or PBr3, and worked up by hydrolysis, those compounds of the formula I being obtainable in which R3 is PO3 H2. A suitable Z1 radical which can be converted ...
known manner, for example in the presence of HCl or H2 SO4, with methanol or ethanol, the optical D-configuration of the ester falling under the formula II, or with the corresponding amine of formula HN(R")(R'"), the amide falling under the formula II, preferably via the acid halide....