In addition, the results show that, by reconfiguring the device, a squared mesh-based TI can be equivalently translated into a TI based on the hexagonal mesh53,54. Such topological equivalence is also indicated in a scheme shown in Supplementary Fig. 25. Fig. 5: Floquet TIs in the ...
support vector machines have been widely used in pyrolysis prediction tasks. For example, support vector machines perform better than artificial neural networks atR2, and root means a squared error in predicting pyrolysis biochar yield (Cao et al.2016). ...
The K-means algorithm minimizes the squared error function, which in this case is considered as the clustering algorithm objective function. It is given as follows. $$f\left( {X,G} \right) = \mathop \sum \limits_{i = 1}^{n} min\left\{ {\left\| {x_{i} - g_{k} } \right\...
For example, in developing robots for lettuce harvesting24, varying mechanical solutions were evaluated in the field before extensive and repeated field trials were performed to develop the visual and mechanical components of the robotic solution. Similarly, a strawberry harvesting robot19 has been ...
The bottom row of Table 4 shows the close-up of an array of artificial squared delaminations embedded within the thickness of the winglet main skin. The smallest delaminations have a size of 3 mm and are visible in both cases. For other NDT inspection applications the improvements in path ...
What needs to be pointed out is that what is optimised by fitted Q-iteration and Q-learning is the squared error defined in (3.19), which is also called the Bellman error. It reflects that value function learning is not a direct gradient method. If the value function is represented by a...
The associations between the variables were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis (U-) Test and Chi-squared test (P < 0.05). Patients’ recruitment In the dental clinics, the patients were asked to participate in the study only when a dental filling was indicated on posterior teeth. Patients who...
It is also possible to use passive mechanical devices to transmit physical information between humans, or sensors to collect information for transmission between humans [5,9,22,23,24]. These devices cannot be referred to as robots. To include both robot-mediated and passive-device-mediated systems...
The chi-squared test was used for comparing noncontinuous parameters. Intraclass correlation coefficient estimates and their 95% confident intervals were calculated using SPSS statistical package version 20 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) based on a single-rating, consistency, 2-way mixed effects model33. ...
Zoom-in regions correspond to squared off areas of matching color in (a). Scale bars are 2 µm. d Reflection images of the grating under the illumination of 490, 595, 635, and 660 nm light. e, f Reconstructed spectra of vertically polarized (e) and horizontally polarized (f) ...