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Experimental design As shown in Fig.7, the prototype of the proposed flexible heat pump comprises a 1-kW oil-free scroll compressor (Air squared Ltd, Model: P15H022A-A01). It is controlled via an inverter drive, with the compressor and inverter power measured with a power metre, and thus...
The intellectual property based around this work is owned by the University of St Andrews and licensed to M Squared Lasers Ltd. The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests Supplementary information Supplementary Information Supplementary Tables, Supplementary Notes, Supplementary Figures and...
Note that the reflection coefficient is sometimes defined with a squared right-hand-side. In this case the coefficient described the reflected power, rather than amplitude. The transmission coefficient can be defined as\(T=1-R\). When both media have matched impedances (\(Z_1 = Z_2\)), ...
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The Authors wish to acknowledge the contributions made to this project by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the following: Advantica; BP Exploration Operating Co. Ltd.; CD-adapco; Chevron; ConocoPhillips; ENI; ExxonMobil; FEESA; IFP; Institutt for Energi...
Common loss functions are sum of squared errors (SSE) for regression and logarithmic loss, also known as cross-entropy loss, for classification problems. The gradient-boosting method seeks to approximate y in the form of a weighted sum of some base functions, h, from some class H:[Math ...
A least squares-based parameter inversion was adopted (Aster et al. (2018), where the objective function (Φ) was defined as the weighted sum of squared differences between measured and simulated spring water flux (Q), temperature (T), and chloride concentration (C), i.e., hydro-thermo-ch...
These parameters were estimated using a least-squares minimization criterion to obtain an optimal fit of the data that minimized the sum of the residuals squared. The relationship between interspine distance and the percent change in uEPSP was fit with the following exponential equation: $$y = \...
For a more comprehensive evaluation, we also use the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE) and the Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD), which measure the linear correlation, the error, and the dissimilarity between the distributions of the real and the generated...