Cystitis Glandularis: A Rare Benign Condition Presenting as Bladder Tumor CystitisGlandularisCystoscopyBladderResectionCystitis glandularis or glandular metaplasia of the urinary bladder, is a be- nignreactive
In both humans and mice, vitamin B12is used as a cofactor by only two enzymes: methionine synthase (MS) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT)26. MS uses B12as a cofactor to regenerate methionine (Met) from homocysteine (Hcy), forming an integral part of one-carbon (1C) metabolism (Fig.2a...
has been found interatocarcinoma36andbreast carcinomacells37of blood group O individuals, and ganglio-H (fucosyl-GM1) has been traced in humansmall cell lung carcinomatissue.38For more details on the change of ABH characteristics in the course of tumor formation, see, for example, the review ...
This tumor suppressor gene encoding BAF250a which is a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex; loss-of-function mutations in ARID1A frequently occur in cancers derived from the endometrium [16]. ARID1A expression is detected in normal endometrium and in hEM3 cells but not in ...
Each slide has been labeled by a pathologist according to presence of invasive cancer, and the largest tumor on the slide is measured to categorize the tumor into macrometastasis, micrometastasis or infiltrating tumor cells. We use the categories for stratified evaluation. Lymph node rare variants ...
The symptoms of cancer are highly variable and depend heavily on which tissue type is affected and the location of the tumors. The growth of cancerous masses, called tumors, can physically block normal organ function, depending on the tumor’s location. This can lead to symptoms such as short...
The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in influencing primary tumor behavior and growth is of great interest. To investigate their release within a solid tumor model, researchers have developed an intriguing organ-on-chip platform called EV microbioreactors (EVμBRs) [128]. The EVμBRs have ...
and additionally possess a tumorolytic activity [73,75]. They were identified in cattle [76], chicken [77], flounder [78], channel catfish [25], horses [37], andFasciola hepatica[79]. A related protein family in humans is denoted as granulysins [80]. Interestingly, NK-lysins show a...
proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and this is catalyzed by the sheddase activities of the enzymes including TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE, also called disintegrin and metalloprotease domain containing protein-17; ADAM17) and matrix metallop...
tumor. In addition, only three patients had a single mutation with a VAF higher than 5% (one patient with aTP53stop-gain mutation, one with a non-synonymous PRDM16 mutation and one with a non-synonymous DNMT3A mutation), suggesting that the presence of mutations in the TAN is rather ...