Results indicate that both regression and simulation methods provided evidence of a sizable pay gap associated with gender, even after controlling for rank, academic field, and years of service. The gap occurs in fields traditionally viewed as female as well as science fields with typically lower ...
Teachers who are men might also be benefiting from gender bias in their favor. This bias occurs in nearly every profession you can think of, from medicine to tech startups to sports. This month, the UK parliament required every large employer to reveal their gender pay gap. It’s been du...
All cases in three regions (South Asia, North America, and the Middle East and North Africa) and almost all in another (Latin America and the Caribbean, except Mexico in 1984) follow the expected pattern of inequality being higher for income. The same occurs in 88% of the cases in Sub-...
Harmful forgetting occurs when we desire the machine learning model to retain previously learned knowledge while adapting to new tasks, domains, or environments. In such cases, it is important to prevent and mitigate knowledge forgetting. Problem SettingGoalSource of forgetting Continual Learning learn ...
Such change occurs serendipitously due to a problematic situation in organizational environments that may disrupt the organization’s operations and/or threaten its reputation (Shaw, 2018). Thus, it requires organizations to react quickly and strategically (Shaw, 2018). The main goal of such ...
Specifically, negative changes in environmental performance and human well-being represent increase in footprints and decrease in social indicators, respectively. The given significance level α is 0.05. Full size image Substantial spatial heterogeneity occurs in environmental performance across provinces. At...
Since interdiscursivity occurs whenever identities interact through any form of mixing, embedding, and bending, the measure of interdiscursivity is benchmarked against the dispersion of identities, i.e., the more equal distribution of identities, the stronger their interdiscursive relations. The ...
Examine gender differences in student performance in response to different stakes. • Male students outperform their female counterparts when under high pressure. • The gender gap reverses in favour of female students as the stakes decrease. • Students with the highest grades are impacted more...
can actively participate in the creation of the work during the writing process, and can thus influence its progress and even the ending of the whole work through their interaction with the author. Overall, the consumption behavior of readers of transmedia novels occurs earlier in the production ...
Personal PCK&S occurs in the act of teaching as instructors monitor what is occurring and make decisions about how to adjust their instruction. Alonzo and Kim (2016) refer to this as dynamic PCK and Schön (1983) refers to it as reflection-in-action. Another major theoretical contribution ...