The Zanu-PF government's record with the IMF also threatened US foreign policy goals. From 1991 to 1995, Mugabe's government implemented a program of structural adjustment prescribed by the IMF as a condition of receiving balance of payment support and the restructuring of its international loans...
He also indicated that the traders were now selling their goods in foreign currency which was very expensive to get using the Zimbabwean dollar because of the premium exchange rates. This also contributed to reduction in sales as the majority of the people in Zimbabwe were getting salaries in ...
Moreover, foreign direct investment negatively and significantly relates with water and sanitation public private partnership investments. Conclusion Attracting private investment into Zimbabwe`s water and sanitation sector requires that policy design targets capital and bank market development. Reforms can be...
During that same period, the black empowerment policy, indigenous and agriculture policies were focusing on increasing agriculture production particularly tobacco to generate foreign currency that was needed for sustaining of the economy under the new black ownership of land. Former large-scale farmers ...
"she had not tasted white blood since 1980 and that she needed just the slightest excuse to kill someone." Dr Sydney Sekeramayi, 67, has been in Mr Mugabe’s cabinet since independence in 1980. Although a member of the president's inner circle of the party, he has ...
Torvik (1998) ‘Short run consequences of trade liberalization: a CGE model of Zimbabwe’, Journal of Policy Modeling, vol. 20, pp. 305–33. Article Google Scholar de Melo, J. and S. Robinson (1989) ‘Product differentiation and the treatment of foreign trade in computable general ...
The government preached the supposed benefits of ESAP such as increased foreign direct invest- ments, increased employment opportunities and general upliftment of the citizens' standard of living. According to the ESAP policy document, the objectives of the programme were to ensure higher medium- and...
The distinction between soft and hard approaches resonates with the concept of religious soft power which was developed by Jeffrey Haynes in discussing how religion affects foreign policy (Haynes 2008), as an extension of Joseph Nye’s (1990) concept of “soft power”. Soft power refers to ...
conducting a review of scholarly and grey source literature, published between 1999 when the fast track land reforms began and the end of 2019, to understand the historical context of Chinese foreign policy in Zimbabwe and, more specifically, changes in Zimbabwe’s tobacco sector since the early ...
Mnangagwa stated his desire to reintegrate Zimbabwe into the global economic and diplomaticcommunities. To that end, he declared that the country was “open for business,” stating that economic policies that had deterred foreign investment in the country were being revised. The new government made...