1.19. The correct derivation of the formula to compute the true column density for inclined trajectories leads to the Chapman function (Chapman, 1931). The Chapman function gives the ratio of the total amount of matter along an oblique trajectory subtending a zenith angle θ versus the amount ...
During the evening, I found myself thinking that, as fun as this was, I couldn’t wait to get back out into the night with my tripod, intervalometer and a fast wide-angle lens. Things like volunteering and photography have proven to be immensely enjoyable, even more so than going on a...
General formulae are derived allowing the computation of the instrumental zenith distance of the circumzenithal instrument or of the prismatic astrolabe. A comparison is made between the two instruments concerning the influence of the setting errors of the angle standard. It is pointed out that, in...
From simulated data for the DMSP SSH sounder, it is shown that the variation of observed radiance with zenith angle is approximately linear when taken as a function of the square root of the secant of the angle. This relationship is employed to develop the correction formula. (Author)Duncan,...
Optionally, I know some sticklers may paint additionaledge highlightsin spots to make sure the proper angle of any light reflections are clear to the viewer. This, of course, means you’re going to take more time to reach a completed model. I prefer getting the idea down quickly in true...
In such a method azimuth will be proportional to angle of frame rotation, determined by acceleration meters. Azimuth is calculated from received data. To avoid azimuth error near critical plane, azimuth calculation is performed on basis of two given mathematical expressions. Then difference between ...
The SCD represents the integrated concentration of the target species along the effective atmospheric light path, which depends on the solar zenith angle (SZA) for scattered sunlight measurements of stratospheric trace gases. Therefore, the SCD is usually converted to the vertical column density (VCD...
According to Boehm [44], if the cutoff elevation angle is low, such as 5°, and the error of hydrostatic zenith delay is then mapped with the wrong mapping function (wet and hydrostatic mapping functions’ errors are both considered), a proportional relation of approximately 0.12 between the ...