Results for this region\nof zenith angles and threshold energies have been obtained for the first time.\nThe dependence of integral intensity on zenith angle and threshold energy is\nwell fitted by a simple analytical formula.doi:10.1134/S1063778806050097A. N. Dmitrieva...
occur mostly under sunlit conditions (solar zenith angle < 90°). Thus, it is presumably difficult to drive intense ion outflows under dark conditions, because of a lack of the solar illumination (low ionospheric density and/or small scale height owing to low plasma temperature). Graphical...
the optical guiding means (m1, m2, m3, m4.m5), and the liquid level device (s) being adapted to provide an angular deviation of the point of intersection of the light radiation and the disk.with respect to the axis of rotation (0 - 0), where the angle between the pendulum (p) and...
A fourth reflective grating G4, comprising an array of reflective elements e'll-e'nn is disposed along path P4, each element being arranged at a 45 degree angle to the longitudinal axis of path P4. The reflective elements of grating G4 intercept the wave components directed thereto by the ...
A mapping function is a coefficient corresponding to the elevation angle of the satellite positioning signal from each satellite. Although there are many kinds of these mapping functions, the easiest mapping function in it is shown in the following formula (6). (1−/sin φ) (6) ...
FIG. 6 is a depiction of horizontal aperture pitch of a shadow mask as a function of screen width based on the formula ##EQU1## FIG. 6A is a depiction of vertical aperture pitch as a function of screen width; FIG. 7 is a depiction of horizontal aperture pitch as a function of scree...
In such a method azimuth will be proportional to angle of frame rotation, determined by acceleration meters. Azimuth is calculated from received data. To avoid azimuth error near critical plane, azimuth calculation is performed on basis of two given mathematical expressions. Then difference between ...
The SCD represents the integrated concentration of the target species along the effective atmospheric light path, which depends on the solar zenith angle (SZA) for scattered sunlight measurements of stratospheric trace gases. Therefore, the SCD is usually converted to the vertical column density (VCD...
The delay is usually described as the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) and the mapping function related to the elevation angle in the processing of GNSS data [3,4], and the water vapor variation can be retrieved and monitored by using high-precision ZTD values. Therefore, the ZTD model with...