3.1.9 XPS Analysis The XPS analysis represents the valence band states and oxidation states of CeO2/MnFe2O4-1:1 NCs before and after the photodegradation. The surface defects play a critical role in the photoca
UPS:Ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy refers to the measurement of kinetic energy spectra of photoelectrons emitted by molecules which have absorbed ultraviolet photons, in order to determine molecular orbital energies in the valence region REELS:Reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy provides infor...
Next, electron concentration in the N samples was evaluated using UPS, which can provide a direct measurement of the work function and valence band energy. The work function is extracted from the difference between the energy of the UV photons and the secondary electron cutoff (high-binding energ...
Au 4f core level spectra of the Au NPs deposited onto the (a) TiO2 -amorphous, (b) TiO2 -Annealed600 (c) TiO2-annealed600-NH3 films; Figure S4: XPS valence band spectra of the samples obtained for the Au NPs deposited onto the TiO2 -Annealed600 film during different deposition times (...
Copper atoms in the metal have the electronic configuration [Ar] 3d10−x4s1+x, x = 0.4–0.45 [58,59], indicating the hybridization of the 3d and 4s electronic states of the copper atom in the valence band of the metal. As a result, the unoccupied electronic states at the bottom of...