The solar system comprises a relatively small number of X‐ray emitting objects, which are associated with a variety of physical emission processes: we can explore them with good spatial and temporal precision at relatively local distances, and in situ as well, unlike the rest of the Universe....
News & Views31 Oct 2024Nature Photonics Volume: 18, P: 1129-1130 Nonlinear absorption of an X-ray pulse during the formation of warm dense matter A bright, ultrashort X-ray pulse is used to transiently create and characterize warm dense copper. As the pulse intensity is increased, the opac...
7.11.6 Interventional Procedures Guided by x-Ray Imaging 7.11.6.1 General Interventional procedures using x-rays represent an alternative to more hazardous surgery or, for some types of diseases, including those that are life threatening; they are the sole method of treatment (More detailed descripti...
2.1Conventional x-ray tubes The technology currently used to produce kV x-rays has not fundamentally changed from the original vacuum tube design used in Roentgen’s experiments. An x-ray tube consists of an evacuated glass tube containing an anode and a cathode. High voltage is applied across...
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X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a commercially established modality for imaging large objects like passenger luggage. CT can provide the density and the effective atomic number, which is not always sufficient to identify threats like explosives and nar
Several mechanisms can introduce different types of noise into the X-ray image acquisition process, such as statistical noise caused by the fluctuation of the raw x-ray signal, structural noise created by variations in the detector structure and in the differing response of elements, and scattering...
VIEWS: List of types of chest X-ray views to include. By default, posteroanterior and anteroposterior views are included. VAL_SPLIT: Fraction of the data allocated to the validation set TEST_SPLIT: Fraction of the data allocated to the test set ...
On account of the highly infectious nature of the disease, rapid automated diagnosis of COVID-19 is urgently needed. A few recent findings suggest that chest X-rays and CT scans can be used by machine learning for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Herein, we employed semi-supervised learning (...
where μ, ρ, and Z are the linear attenuation coefficient, density of the absorber, and atomic composition or number, respectively. In the energy region where most commercial X-ray CT systems are being engaged for medical tomography (∼70 keV), two types of interactions are dominant: photoe...