Chapter 15 World Climates The Atmosphere 10e Lutgens & Tarbuck Power Point by Michael C. LoPresto Early Climate Classification Climate Classification Köppen System of Climate Classification A-Tropical B-Arid C-Sub-Tropical D-Sub-Polar E-Polar H-Highland Climate Controls Latitude Land and Water G...
; second, we translated emissions into gridded temperature, precipitation and potential drought data via a chain of computationally efficient emulators; and third, we built on the framework of extreme event attribution to quantify changes in the grid-cell-level distributions of the climatic variables....
Regions We must take care when the spatial scale assessed is appropriate—for climatic extremes, results can differ vastly between spatial scales. Information about localised extremes can be found in individual station datasets, but this information is not available globally, and stations differ in qua...
In hotter regions, asphalt can be designed with cooling agents to prevent excessive heat buildup, which can lead to deformation. This adaptability ensures that asphalt roads remain functional and safe regardless of climatic challenges, providing reliable infrastructure for users. Safety Features Safety i...
While the importance of the societal and economic impacts of extreme climatic events is undeniable, the study of climate extremes (particularly on a global scale) is still in its infancy. Indeed, the first assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the early 1990s did...
Variety of microclimates and regions:Italy’s elongated shape, stretching from the cool Alpine north to the warm Mediterranean south, provides a plethora of microclimates. Each wine region, from Piedmont and Veneto in the north to Sicily in the south, offers different climatic conditions, allowing...
In all columns except (1), we adopt a set of regional dummies for geographical heterogeneity, which is related to latitude, climatic conditions, and ecological awareness. Namely, we use the following dummies: Europe, Asia, Oceania, North America, South America. In column (8), we also adopt...
Table 3 Summary of selected springs in the example area (France and neighboring regions), shown on the map in Fig. 8. Quantitative estimations for low-flow and high-flow discharge (m3/s) are indicated Full size table Table 4 Summary of selected caves in France, shown on the map in Fig...
Climate warming induces shifts from snow to rain in cold regions1, altering snowpack dynamics with consequent impacts on streamflow that raise challenges to many aspects of ecosystem services2,3,4. A straightforward conceptual model states that as the fraction of precipitation falling as snow (snowfal...
In this Review, temperature trends in mountainous regions around the world and the mechanisms that contribute to elevation-dependent warming are discussed. There is growing evidence that the rate of warming is amplified with elevation, such that high-mou