We examine how means-tested childcare subsidies affect parental labor supply. Using the introduction of reduced childcare prices for low-income families in
A crucial observation pertains to the time saved by avoiding the commute to and from work. Previous research indicates that the average commuting time in the UK is approximately 50 min per day (Gimenez-Nadal et al., 2022). Individuals working from home do not have to undergo the daily co...
We controlled for the potentially confounding effects of age, gender, childcare responsibilities, the tenure of engagement in their leisure activity, and the type of leisure activity (specifically whether it was a physical activity or not). Age (in years) and gender (1 = female, 0 =...
2.3.1. Participant observation Though participant observation is not necessarily a key technique for a phenomenological study design, it was used for its advantage of giving us the opportunity to observe caregivers in their naturalwork environmentand pick up first-hand information regarding caregiver...
Make an observation of you for involuntary muscle movements (as an example, restlessness, tremors or stiffness) Question you on contraception and any sexual issues, and for women changes relating to periods or breast-milk Ensure regular pap smears and breast screening for women, and prostate tests...
The same observation can be made in the Asia-Pacific region, where companies based in countries with regulations or recommendations in place performed better than their regional peers and than the regional average in terms of board gender diversity ...
Their mean age varied from 28 to 30 during the observation period. Results The dynamics of the average weekly workload for the male and female teachers in our data set are presented in Fig. 1. We found four points of decline in such dynamics, namely weeks 1, 18, 19, and 53, which...
were generated and tested [33]. An example of this was a theory that men who cared had a significant, supportive adult family relationship in childhood. This was later modified with the observation that these were not necessarily family relationships and not described by all of the men, but ...
The observation that agricultural organizations/advisors neglect the contribution of women farmers on family farms is in line with the findings of other studies that have shown that women farmers are often invisible when it comes to their contribution to farming and farming communities, as their produ...
(e.g., childcare). Other employees had to work in hazardous environments or with unclear instructions as organizations were facing uncertainty and complexity (Kniffin et al.,2021; Rudolph et al.,2020). Overall, this alteration of employees’ work conditions may have created a context propitious ...