Therelationofsubstitutabilityreferstoclassesorsetsofwordssubstitutableforeachothergrammaticallyinsentenceswiththesamestructure.Theman/girl/teachersmiles.Therelationofsubstitutabilityalsoreferstogroupsofmorethanonewordwhichmaybejointlysubstitutablegrammaticallyforasinglewordofaparticularset.HewenttoBeijingyesterday/byplane/...
lioness 母狮 ewe 母羊 vixen 母狐狸 cow 母牛 doe 雌鹿 sow 母猪 bitch 母狗 goose 母鹅 (4) 表示集体名词的性 集体名词表示一个整体,自无性别可言。但是当使用代词指代时,既可用they或who,也可以用it或which。 The committee had a meeting and they rejected the proposal. 委员会召开会议并否决了这个建议。