The equation utilized to construct each feature is provided in the Appendix. 2.1 First-order features The first-order features are represented as the simplest information contained in the imagery. They are calculated from the gray-level histogram of an image, i.e., information about the ...
is defined in Equation (2) where s has been suppressed for simplicity MSELoss(λ) is simply the squared difference between the score of the correct segmen- tation and the score of the incorrect one, summing over all training samples. 16 Gao et al. Chinese Word Segmentation: A Pragmatic ...
For example, Urdu word [msawaat]. The word [msawaat] has also two meanings, one is ‘equality’ and other is ‘equation’ that is used in mathematics. In the case of equality, its stem is [msavi/equal] but in the case of the equation, it remains unchanged. Another problem with ...
Equation (2) indicates that the selected loss function in this model is the absolute value loss function. This function is obtained by computing the difference between the predicted value and the target value, and then taking the absolute value of the result. The average evaluation value is calc...
Word Attention for Sequence to Sequence Text Understanding Lijun Wu1∗, Fei Tian2, Li Zhao2, Jianhuang Lai1,3 and Tie-Yan Liu2 1School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University 2Microsoft Research 3Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology wulijun3@mail2.sysu....
In this model equation, the criterion variableYijcan be replaced by each of the dependent variables (FD, RD, FC, RC, NN, TT, TN, RT, or ER). The model parameters for fixed effects were denoted withβ, while random effects were denoted withS(as in Barr et al.,2013) for participant...
it is common for secondary school students to begin writing the equation(s) without having inferred the whole network of relationships. Specifically, students do not fully complete the construction (step 1) before moving on to assign letters to unknown quantities (step 2); they then simultaneously...
“Equation” – A nine-letter word that rewards you with 17 points. “Conquistador” – If you’re lucky to come across this 12-letter word, it’s worth 24 points. “Antiquity” – This eight-letter word will land you 21 points, making it an excellent choice for those looking to rack...
Matthews and Frédéric Basso for their helpful comments and the participants of the 2022 International Conference on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS2022) for their constructive remarks. The author also expresses its gratitude to Nicholas Danks for his help in executing the ...
Each type of word problem schema is associated with a mathematical structure (e.g., the mathematical structure of change problems would be “original value + change = new value” when it is represented in a meta-equation), and the unknown can take any of semantic roles in the semantic ...