Nivala, VesaElsevier LtdBiological ConservationKojola I, Hallikainen V, Mikkola K, Gurarie E, Heikkinen S, Kaartinen S, Nikula A, Nivala V. Wolf visitations close to human residences in Finland: the role of age, residence density, and time of day. Biol Cons. 2016;198:9-14.
Moreover, we collected data on hunting bags, and investigating the age/weight class preferences of both wolves and hunters compared their impacts on the two ungulate populations. In both prey species, losses due to hunting resulted to be eight to nine times higher than those due to wolf ...
Wolves have few natural enemies other than man. They can live up to 13 years in the wild, but most die long before that age. Diseases and parasites that can affect wolves includecanine parvovirus,distemper,rabies,blastomycosis,Lyme disease,lice,mange, andheartworm. In most areas of the world...
#9F gave birth to eight puppies on private land near Red Lodge, MT. Under normal conditions all members within a pack assist the alpha female in caring for the pups until they have been weaned at about 6-10 weeks of age. U.S.F.W.S. biologists began supplying her with food until it...
If the pack includes one or more alpha individuals, dispersal of the rest of the pack was calculated as a binomially distributed random variable, assumed to be age-dependent, with older individuals more likely to disperse. Alpha individuals are assumed not to disperse. If both alpha individuals...
the height of animals at the withers ranges from 66 to 86 cm, length from 105 to 160 cm, and weight from 32 to 62 kg, which makes the common wolf one of the largest mammals in the family. One-year-old wolves weigh in the range of 20-30 kg. A wolf matures at the age of 2.5...
demonstrating that he can snap out of it if someone feels frightened), he is met with increasingly inhumane punishments of solitary confinement and torture. During the quiet hours of the night, Jacob also befriends Lily-Rose Depp’s Wildcat, a feline woman of similar age who is afforded speci...
In our highly analytical culture, where we hold mathematical prowess in high esteem and often reward logic over emotional decision-making, we too often judge others (and ourselves) by numbers: income, age, height, weight, and other calculations. In doing so, we have devalued something that’...
" to self-righteous people. Consequently, I face the same hardships and frustrations as wolves. In this world, few like to hear "No." Although I've mellowed with age, my heart still upholds integrity and perseverance. I admire the wolf's tenacity. They survive in harsh ...
Finally, for wolves identified as dispersers, the minimum age at dispersal was assumed to be the time interval between estimated birth and the date of the first recapture in the new pack. Results Loci diversity and individual identification All microsatellite loci were polymorphic, with an average ...