Building components and cladding are important to the overall performance of buildings during extreme windstorms. Failure of even relatively small components can lead to internal pressurization, which increases
In the aerodynamic load calculation, the blade element momentum method, vortex method and computational fluid dynamics method will produce quite different load effects [28], in addition to the uncertainties associated with airfoil data. When generating irregular waves in the time domain, either linear...
[72]. A method for numerical estimation and analytical calculation using a finite element approach was employed to establish the buckling load due to high-velocity wind by Lee and Bang [73]. A simulation using finite element modeling and analysis was employed by Chein and Jang [74] and ...
Morison's formula [30] or potential-flow theory is often used for hydrodynamic load calculation of offshore support structures. Then, drag and inertial coefficients related to Morison's formula or viscous effects associated with large-volume structures contribute to the uncertainties in the ...