2023, 11, x FOR PEErReRdEuVcIiEnWg flow inundation on the downstream piles and subsequently mitigating bed1s0coofur1.6 In essence, these first-row piles serve a sacrificial role akin to those used for scour protection measures. FFigiguurere66. .SSccoouurreevvoolulutitoionnaarorouunnddththeeco...