Wind speed and direction are important essential climate variables (ECVs). GNSS-R is an emerging remote sensing technique that can be potentially used to retrieve wind speed from space. However, few studies have addressed the wind direction retrieval from spaceborne GNSS-R observables, namely the...
The transition to renewable energy explained by Phil the FixerLearn more about climate change and the transition to renewable energy in this interview with Phil the Fixer.(more) See all videos for this article By 2022 wind was contributing more than 7 percent of the world’s total electricity ...
based on the smoothing type lasso regression, and IQR of the estimates (right). The lasso estimates forΔTare corrected for the bias of the error distribution. Square symbols mark estimates which fall outside 95% of the test error distribution for a given station, and white marker edges corr...
This behaviour is explained by the increased turbulence levels in the wind farm (see also Fig. 9), causing enhanced mixing between the wake region and the overlying flow, which has a relative wind direction towards the right (van der Laan and Sørensen 2016). In neutral conditions, the ...
positive or negative influence (e.g., site characteristics, weather patterns, and species behavior). The findings have been summarized and presented in tables, displaying research results and deductions, which state the main hypotheses as plausible or implausible. We indicate with symbols in the tabl...
The ceiling of the wind tunnel is adjusted to avoid a speed-up of the flow downstream in the test section (and therefore a pressure gradient in the streamwise direction). All experiments reported here were carried out in low-turbulence conditions (i.e., 𝑇𝐼=0.3%TI=0.3%: no grids or...
Renewable lobbyists like to emphasise how “clean” wind power is, and how many tonnes of CO2 are saved. Others will argue that wind farms are a long way from being environmentally friendly, and arguably save little CO2 anyway. I am not going to get into these debates, as they are subje...
(b) Open gray symbols are identical to those in Figure 6a (including this study). Solid colored symbols are the CD observations of the present study sorted over azimuthal hurricane sectors (inset; the direction of hurricane motion is indicated with an arrow; azimuthal sector boundaries clockwise ...
REFERENCE SYMBOLS 1,2: Wind instrument 2: Tube body 3,3A,3B,3C,3D,3E,3F,3G,3H,3I,3J,3K,3L,3M,3N,3O,3P,30: Tone hole tube 4: Mouthpiece 5: Bell 6,6A,6B,60: Finger pressing plate 8: Key mechanism 11: Main tube 12: Auxiliary tube ...
Truncation symbols, such as wildcards, are also used to include the plural forms of search terms, alternative spellings, or stemming. These technology-specific search strategies are developed by patent examiners who are experts in the offshore wind energy field, following a well established ...