Objectives and research questions A study by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics found that wildland firefighters account for 25% of all firefighter fatalities despite being only about 2% of the total firefighting workforce in the USA: This was attrib- uted to an increased likelihood ...
The high likelihood of occupational injury within emergency workers has been described internationally [9,10,12,13,14,15], particularly among firefighters (FFs). It has been reported that a firefighter is injured in the line of duty every 8 min, either on base or in responding to an emergen...
By inserting robots into the fire line, this technological innovation reduces the firefighter’s exposure to the fire [33]. The development of this new software enables not only the protection of human life but also environmental protection [34]. In this sense, the innovation seen in the ...
Prompt access to medical care is key to reducing injury consequences. For the last decade, a spatial model of wildland firefighter estimated ground evacuation time (GET) has been used when developing operational response strategies in the contiguous United States (CONUS). This paper describes our ...
(ii) the personal protective equipment (PPE) currently used by Spanish WFF (Madrid, Spain), which includes thermal-resistant clothing (65% fire retardant viscose, 30% Nomex and 5% Kevlar, 1.5 kg, surface mass 270 g ± m−2, thermal resistance 0.019 m2K·W−1and evaporative resistance ...
Fire characteristics associated with firefighter injury on large federal wildland fires. Ann. Epidemiol. 2013, 23, 37–42. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 29. Crowl, D.A.; Louvar, J.F. Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Application, 3rd ed.; The Prentice Hall International Series in The ...
ones. A 2019 study [6] found that, over a 6-year period, the equipment of one California utility company alone, PG&E, caused more that 1500 wildland fires. (And it being understood that official statistics are not always correct; official determinations of fire cause are not always accurate...
and/or swamp or lake water that a firefighter must walk through. The effect of moisture on heat transfer through the exhaust system may depend on the degree of moisture absorption, the location of moisture in the system, the place on the body, its source (internal or external), the time...
When combined with the considerations that human tenability and firefighter operational effectiveness thresholds are less than 3 kW/m2 [36], and the wildfire rate of spread can result in external conditions that might change from tenable to nonsurvivable in seconds, the result is that entrapment ...
fire Systematic Review Wildland–Urban Interface: Definition and Physical Fire Risk Mitigation Measures, a Systematic Review Flavio Taccaliti 1,* , Raffaella Marzano 2, Tina L. Bell 3 and Emanuele Lingua 1 1 Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35020...