The L2 only solution is the opposite of pure L3. L2 only primarily leverages VLANs for segregating its connectivity and relies on legacy features like MLAG and spanning tree protocol (STP) to provide a distributed solution. The L2-only solution still has a place in network environments, typica...
IS-IS is catagorized as Network Layer (L3) just like the protocol it most closely resembles - OSPF. ODR is certainly more interesting. We know that it uses Cisco Discovery Protocol for its operation (Layer 2), and it uses the information contained in these messages to provide Layer 3 rout...
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Another common issue caused by flooding is Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) Topology Change Notification (TCN). TCN is designed to correct forwarding tables after the forwarding topology has changed. This is necessary to avoid a connectivity outage, as after a topology change some destinations prev...
If you first ask if the protocol is control plane or data plane and then choose the appropriate reference model you will find that most protocols fit rather easily." We both agreed that BGP was control plane traffic, then it must be application layer because of the use of TCP at the ...