The purpose of the flower in an angiosperm is to create the gametes needed for sexual reproduction. A single flower can create billions of grains of pollen, but may only produce a few ovules, lead the production of just a few seeds for flower....
How does boron help in reproduction and pollen germination in plants? How does morphogenesis contribute to animal development? What is a bacteriostatic and bactericidal/germicide? What is photoperiodism? How do flowers improve the efficiency of plant reproduction? What is an archaic hominin, exactly?
plant–pollinator interactionspollen defencepollen thievespollinationsecondary metabolitestoxic pollenPollen plays two important roles in angiosperm reproduction, serving as a vehicle for the plant's male gametes, but also, in many species, as a lure for pollen‐feeding animals. Despite being an ...
For many of us, bees are annoying. We think that their only purpose is to keep buzzing around and dropping their formic acid-laden stings on random people (this impression will certainly change when we stop getting spoonfuls of sweethoneyin our morning cereal). The truth is, bees are cruci...
Stephan GreinerÃ, Johanna Sobanski and Ralph Bock Why the DNA-containing organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, are inherited maternally is a long standing and unsolved question. However, recent years have seen a paradigm shift, in that the absoluteness of uniparental inheritance...
Nectar is high in sugars and is the main source of carbohydrates for the colony. Honey bees require carbohydrates for energy—for example, to power their flight muscles so they can fly. Pollen is the primary protein source for the colony. Just like in humans, bees need protein to grow bodi...
Reports have shown that to produce 1.0 mg of grain, approximately 27 kg of NPK ha−1 was needed during the early 1970s, while 109 kg of NPK ha−1 was needed to achieve the same productivity in 2008 [37]. This depends on the climate zones and the types of soil and plants. Thus...
There are also traits that offerAbiotic Stress Tolerance(a good example is this year farmers in the western Plains will be planting some corn that is called DroughtGard which helps the plant function better in times of low water availability),Disease Resistance(this one is really awesome knowing...
Perhaps this is a consequence of the fact that ZMM does not strictly require MMR for crossover formation (MMR is likely not part of the ZMM pathway), which makes MMR useful for the control of recombination, locally stimulating or suppressing it in response to polymorphism as needed in differen...
We conclude that self-incompatibility in this species contributes to its limited fruit set, though other factors such as low pollinator activity may also be important. Pollinators are needed for the reproduction of Echites umbellatus, and only sphingid moths have mouthparts long...