Every day, Earth is besieged by ionizing radiation, high-energy waves that can remove electrons from atoms in the body. High levels of ionizing-radiation exposure can lead to radiation sickness and cancer. Fortunately, our planet's magnetosphere and atmosphere prevent almost all of this radiation...
Does increasing the current increase the radius of free electrons? What causes electrons to orbit the nucleus according to classical physics? Why is alpha radiation more ionizing than gamma radiation? Why did Rutherford change Thomson's model of the atom? What makes atoms spread out around a cent...
For centuries we believed that protons, neutrons, and electrons are the fundamental building blocks of all matter in the universe. But recent studies and experiments showed that protons, neutrons, and electrons are further made up of even smaller particles which we call quantum particl...
And collapse it does: The nickel and iron nuclei (yes, just nuclei; don't even think about entire atoms at these temperatures and pressures) break apart. They just can't handle this nuclear mosh pit. Stray electrons get shoved into the nearest protons, converting them to neutrons. The neut...
Huh? works for electrons, even photons. “Clearly then this equivilence isn’t invariant in the case of accelerating frames.” Huh? who is talking about acceleratin frames? If an object moving at the speed of light can not change, according to special relativity, how can a photon change ...
9 The hydrogen would then become so condensed that electrons would begin to flow from atom to atom, turning it into a liquidy sea of electricity-conducting metallic hydrogen. Whether at the very center of Jupiter you arrive at a solid core is up for debate. What’s not up for debate is...
Research so far suggests we'll stay on the current path, with the amount of ice declining and weather systems more easily disrupting the ice because it's thinner and weaker than it used to be. The bigger picture This year's events in the Arctic are just part of the climate change story...
What causes electrons to orbit the nucleus according to classical physics? What makes an atom radioactive? What did Bohr hypothesize about the atom? What occurred when Rutherford exposed nitrogen gas to alpha particles? Why does the energy of electrons increase with increasing distance from the nucl...