When is square root of x^2 + y^2 equal to x+y? Explain the rules of operations involving square roots of negative numbers. Why can't polynomials have negative exponents? Why does a number raised to the zero power equal one? Derive the formula sinh^(-1) x = ln (x + sqrt(x^2 ...
So why does gravity pull you down and not push you away? Imagine someone went under the trampoline and pushed up. The ball would roll away! This would be a gravity hill, not a gravity well. As far as scientists know, matter – or stuff – always makes gravity wells and not gravity h...
In the case of cross-term (interest rate differential X capital control), the beta coefficient is found to be statistically equal to one when the exchange rate regime is a floating regime. When the pooled OLS estimator is applied, the null hypothesis beta equal to one is rejected for immedi...
Why can an absolute value never be negative? xy = |x - y| Is this commutative, associative, identity, and/or inverses? Why does ln1 equal 0? For each of the following, solve exactly for the variable x|. (a) x- \frac{x^3}{3!}+ \frac{x^5}{5!}-...=0.7| x=| (b) 1+...
tests of rates of evolution can be performed through the calculation of the generalized genetic distance(NetΔz′G−1Δz), which follows aχ2distribution under genetic drift, with degrees of freedom equal to the number of traits. Using a 95% confidence interval, one can also determine if ...
Model 1 shows a negative effect for IMF programs as well, though it is not statistically significant. The appendix explores the conditions under which IMF programs help and hurt leaders, independent of China loans. Given that we are focused on the risk of crises, we focus on leaders where cr...
The overall non-negative effect of being married to a same-sex partner on hiring outcomes and the small subsample of recruiters who answered in the direction of harbouring homonegative attitudes (i.e. 13.6% of the sample scoring more than one standard deviation above the average), align with...
At very large positive or negative values of x, the electric field approaches zero in both the first and second figures. In which does it most rapidly approach zero and why? Is the following proof correct? why or why not? One equals Zero - Let a and b each be equal to 1. Since a...
L1 adds the mean absolute error and L2 adds mean squared error to the loss. Without going into too many mathematical details, the basic differences are: lasso regression (L1) does both variable selection and parameter shrinkage, whereas Ridge regression only does parameter shrinkage and end up ...
np.equal(y_dy_x1_x2[:, -1]**2, 0.36158614 * y_dy_x1_x2[:, -2]**2).all() # False It is difficult for it to determine that this was not intentional. Some algorithms include tolerances to check for this sort of thing.curve_fit's algorithms do not; it only reports a problem...