A.Who made the first COVID—19 vaccine.B.How to prevent COVID—19.C.How mRNA vaccines work.D.Why scientists use mRNA to make spike proteins.【小题3】What is the difference between the Pfizer vaccine and Chinese vaccines?A.Chinese vaccines use viruses from spike proteins.B.Chinese vaccines...
Scientists used to use them to do research on viruses like HIV. Now they have found that when alpacas are infected (感染) with COVID-19, their bodies react in a special way. "Alpaca and animals like them (such as camels) actually create two different types of antibodies (抗体). One ...
This process is one of the reasons scientists study theimmune responseto avaccinein different age groups, and why, for example, the COVID-19 vaccines need to be tested separately in children ages 5–11 and those 12–16. Doctors want to use the vaccine dose that provides the best protection...
Why do we have different blood types? Scientists estimate that blood types have been around for at least 20 million years. But doctors have only known about them for the last 116 years.Before 1900, countless people died after they were injec...
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How do antibody tests work? Antibody tests can also help scientists understand what a good immune response to the virus looks like. This is something we don't yet fully understand, but we need to know for developing a vaccine. To develop an antibody test, researchers choose a piece of the...
Why We Do It As scientists ourselves, we take great pride in helping innovative biopharma organizations make critical, timely, and better drug discovery and development decisions. Guiding Your Drug Discovery and Development Decisions Through our event products and data services, we deliver highly ...
When the Amgen replication team of about 100 scientists could not confirm reported results, they contacted the authors. Those who cooperated discussed what might account for the inability of Amgen to confirm the results. Some let Amgen borrow antibodies and other materials used in the origin...
Gender bias in medical research could be one reason why it’s taken so long for scientists to figure this out. “Every cell in a woman’s body produces Xist,” Chang said in a university news release. “But for several decades, we’ve used a male cell li...
Scientists long assumed thatfemales would respond the same way as males in drug trials. But today, that situation is changing. More and more studies use both female andmale animals—and new science is emerging about important sex differences as a result. ...