they’ve had to reassess their thinking about the coronavirus’ evolution. This family of viruses proofreads itself as it replicates, which means it picks up mutations more slowly than viruses like influenza. For the first several months of the pandemic, the virus didn’t ...
Mouse embryos injected with a microRNA that targets an important regulator of cardiac growth developed hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle, which was passed on to descendants through at least three generations without loss of effect (Wagner et al., 2007). HOW DID PLASTICITY EVOLVE? The costs of ...
So far, the short list of transgenic crops used directly for food includes virus-resistant papaya grown in Hawaii, Bt sweet corn recently commercialized in the United States by Monsanto, and a few varieties of squash that resist plant viruses. That list could be about to grow, however. The ...
An important contributor to the differences between individuals derives from their plasticity. Such plasticity is widespread in organisms from the simple to the most complex. Adaptability plasticity enables the organism to cope with a novel challenge not
47 Influenza viruses tend to evolve more rapidly after the virus has crossed over into a novel host.24 Several important lessons may be drawn from the history of previous influenza A pandemics5: pandemics are unpredictable in time, severity, mortality, and pattern of spread; exponential rates of...
Mouse embryos injected with a microRNA that targets an important regulator of cardiac growth developed hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle, which was passed on to descendants through at least three generations without loss of effect (Wagner et al., 2007). HOW DID PLASTICITY EVOLVE? The costs of ...
viruses, bacteria, animals, stars, and nebulas. These non-fundamental entities constitute the non-fundamental ontology of high-level sciences. These non-fundamental ontologies have the remarkable feature of being autonomous at certain scales. For instance, one can formulate a theory of chemical element...