At the white adipocyte level, obesity perturbs multiple processes, including gene transcription and metabolic pathways and promotes a pro-inflammatory phenotype, alterations which together link obesity to many o
Under a Creative Commons license Open accessAbstract The acquisition of beige adipocyte features by white fat cells corresponds to protection against obesity-induced metabolic diseases in humans and animal models of type 2 diabetes. In adipose tissue, expression of the E2 small ubiquitin-like modifier...
The paraffin-embedded tissues were sectioned at 7 μm thickness, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and then examined under a microscope (Axioskop2, Zeiss, Thornwood, NY, USA). The average size of adipocyte cells from each mouse was determined by analyzing 40 randomly-selected adipocyte cells ...
Notably, beige adipocytes are derived from white fat under a process called of browning or beiging [6]. It has been established that metabolically active brown/beige fat is present in adult humans, and most is classified as more closely resembling beige adipocytes [[7], [8], [9]]. The ...
nutrients Article Trans-Cinnamic Acid Stimulates White Fat Browning and Activates Brown Adipocytes Nam Hyeon Kang, Sulagna Mukherjee and Jong Won Yun * Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea; knhmen@naver.com (N.H.K.); m.newsulagna@gmail.com (S.M.) ...
All cells are bounded by a cell membrane; plant cells have an outer cell wall in addition 2. Biology any small cavity or area, such as the cavity containing pollen in an anther 3. a device for converting chemical energy into electrical energy, usually consisting of a container with two...
There are three basic types of adipocyte (fat cell) – white (WAT), brown (BAT), and beige. Beige cells can be more brown or more white, depending on environmental stimuli like temperature, diet, or supplementation.[11] Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) The mechanism by which BAT burns energy...
The tumor-adipose microenvironment (TAME) is characterized by the enrichment of adipocytes, and is considered a special ecosystem that supports cancer progression. However, the heterogeneity and diversity of adipocytes in TAME remains poorly understood.
RalA is activated by insulin, mainly by inhibition of its GAP complex through phosphorylation24,51 and when activated, RalA interacts with components of the exocyst complex to target GLUT4 vesicles to the plasma membrane for fusion, increasing glucose uptake into fat cells21. Indeed, adipocytes ...
This undesirable effect is due to a decrease in the size of the fat cells and an increase in the ratio of linoleic to stearic acids in the fat (Wood, 1984b). As the contents of linoleic and α-linoleic acids increase, the fat becomes soft and more translucent (Maw et al., 2003). ...