Sarcasm represents a specific type of irony that targets an individual or a proposition with a critical or negative attitude [2]. For instance, when a speaker says, “You are a good friend” to a friend who has mistreated them, the speaker may implicitly mean, “You are not a good ...
This sarcasm is difficult to detect online and requires context to understand it (Morrison, 2016). Bottom-up approaches have the dual advantage of providing the likelihood of types and reveal new insights, “such as surprising combinations of words or patterns that may have been excluded in a ...