The infectious nature of the disease had already been recognized in the early days of medical microbiology, in 1885 by Lürmann during an “icterus epidemic” which occurred after a small pox vaccination campaign. The vaccine had been made from human “lymph” (probably obtained from the vaccine...
Reliance on sparse and/or indirect evidence puts scientists in a difficult position.Footnote1When philosophers of science discuss what makes a good theory,evidential accuracyis often the first theoretical virtue to be mentioned: for a theory to be good, it has to fit the empirical evidence well ...
The first ICUs were established in the late 1950s and the specialty of critical care medicine began to develop. Since those early days, huge improvements have been made in terms of technological advances and understanding of the pathophysiology and patho
Recently, IDSA supported a proGram, called “the ′10 × ′20′ initiative”, to develop ten new systemic antibacterial drugs within 2020 through the discovery of new drug classes, as well as to find possible new molecules from already existing classes of antibiotics [7]. In this review ...
biomarker of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, which has previously been shown to be elevated in SIL compared to healthy controls [58]; however, they did not find a significant correlation. All four studies in patients with CIN [54–57] are observational studies, and with lack of ...
The multi-drug resistance mechanism leads to many failures in the course of chemotherapy which affects overall patient survival rate. It is slowly forcing scientists to find alternative biological compounds with anticancer properties. Therefore, the question arises whether we should reach for nature ...
aEXtra feather pillows 额外羽毛枕头 [translate] aThis article describes a new teaching strategy employed in a senior-level microbiology course where up to 25 students are introduced to and conduct semester-long original research projects. The paper presents examples of several student projects. ...
(Tree ring carbon is of course depleted in 13C relative to atmospheric CO2, but it is depleted by a constant amount, sochangesbetween rings match changes in the atmosphere). What we find is that over the past two hundred years, after having been nearing constant for centuries or more...
Co-author Juta Kawalerowicz said: 'One significant factor influencing rioting was the local community's prevailing attitude towards the police. We find that rioters tended to come from boroughs where local people felt that the police did not treat them with respect. Of course most people in thos...
viruses are so closely embedded in the biochemical host cell machinery that it appeared for long almost hopeless to find Paul Ehrlich’s magic bullet (a substance that selectively targets a pathogenic organism, but not the host) against them. An alternative approach was the adoption of natural an...