Intrinsic apoptosis is controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins but the complexity of intra-family interactions makes it challenging to predict cell fate via standard molecular biology techniques. We discuss BCL-2 family regulation and how to determine
The integrity of G1 and G2 checkpoints requires the nuclear localization of p21WAF1. It has been shown that in cancer cells and in cell lines, p21WAF1 can localize in the cytoplasm where it inhibits apoptosis by binding and inhibiting the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. In addition, ...
Failure of cell- cycle checkpoint regulations often results in aneuploidy and genetic instability, culminating either in cell death or in cancer.1 In the same vein, cancer describes abnormal, deregulated cells that undergo unrestricted divisions. Despite being the shortest phase of the cell-cycle, ...
Failure of cell-cycle checkpoint regulations often results in aneuploidy and genetic instability, culminating either in cell death or in cancer.1 In the same vein, cancer describes abnormal, deregulated cells that undergo unrestricted divisions. Despite being the shortest phase of the cell-cycle, ...
Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that works by boosting the immune system’s activity. It can be achieved by activating NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes or by inhibiting TAMs, Tregs, and immune checkpoints [105]. Antitumor immunotherapy has attracted increasing attention recently. CTLA4, PD-1...
Proliferation is a process tightly regulated by well-known checkpoints that can be triggered by several pathways in the cell. Indeed, the ability to sustain proliferation is a hallmark of cancer cells. In this regard, the effect of melatonin has been shown in several signaling pathways involved ...
Failure of cell-cycle checkpoint regulations often results in aneuploidy and genetic instability, culminating either in cell death or in cancer.1 In the same vein, cancer describes abnormal, deregulated cells that undergo unrestricted divisions. Despite being the shortest phase of the cell-cycle, ...