healthy cells, the PINK1 protein attaches to the surface of mitochondria and it is slowly absorbed until it completely disappears from the surface and is degraded. In unhealthy cells, however, this process is inhibited and PINK1 starts to accumulate on the outer surface of the mitochondria. Lots ...
In THP-1 cells and erythroleukemia cells, LtxA is then internalized in a lysosome-mediated mechanism [23,24]. In addition to this secretion into the extracellular environment as a free-floating, water-soluble protein, LtxA, like other members of the RTX toxin family, is also released from ...