BoNTs are 150 kDa proteins and consist of three domains: the 50 kDa catalytically active light chain (LC) and the 100 kDa heavy chain that is further divided into the translocation domain (HN) and the receptor-binding domain (HC). Structurally, the LC and translocation domain form on...
Mitosisis nuclear division during which duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei. Usually the cell will divide after mitosis in a process called cytokinesis in which the cytoplasm is divided and two daughter cells are formed. Why are chromosomes replicated? In eukaryoti...
Release of markers from the center of 3D structures into the culture medium also must be considered. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a ubiquitous enzyme used as a marker of cell death. Upon cell death, LDH is released from the cytoplasm into the culture medium where it can be detected using...
Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two cycles of viral reproduction (the lytic cycle being the other). Lysogeny is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome or formation of a circular replicon in the bacterial cytoplasm.What happens ...
explained by the restriction of Rev function in these cells, so that a high MS RNA (and consequently Rev) level must be achieved before US RNA can be efficiently exported to the cytoplasm, thereby escaping splicing or degradation. More recently, by deep sequencing of RNA derived from primary ...
To date, there has been more research on the Zn-CDF group than the other groups. Transporting excess Zn from the cytoplasm into vacuoles is regulated by AtMTP1, which controls cellular Zn homeostasis26,27. AtMTP3 has also been shown to have maintenance functions during Zn and/or Co ...
Clones expressing equivalent amounts of wild-type and mutants of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL with subcellular localization restricted to the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum or outer mitochondrial membrane were studied in both MCF-7 and Rat-1 fibroblasts. In MCF-7 cells we measured the functional activities ...
explained by the restriction of Rev function in these cells, so that a high MS RNA (and consequently Rev) level must be achieved before US RNA can be efficiently exported to the cytoplasm, thereby escaping splicing or degradation. More recently, by deep sequencing of RNA derived from primary ...
are shown. Scale bar=50 μm. (f) Appearance of dark degenerating neurons in the hippocampus and cortex of bigenic mice, but not in NonTg brains, in EM. Neuronal soma and dendritic processes both showed darkened features. Arrows indicate dilated Golgi apparatus in the shrunken cytoplasm (...
Activated microglial morphology is represented by the bushy-like shape with hypertrophic cytoplasm (B). Quantitative evaluation was conducted on microglia, then cluster analysis was used to determine the ratio of different morphology (C). 92.5% of all microglia from the control sides were classified ...