total of the M's over PSU's. . The hallmark of probabilities is that they add to 1 over the population, and this is true of the Zi's. You need to multiply zi by K= the number of PSU's (in a stratum) only in the formula for estimating sample totals. See WG Cochran, Sampling ...
where Mi the measure of size for PSU i and M0 is the total of the M's over PSU's. . The hallmark of probabilities is that they add to 1 over the population, and this is true of the Zi's. You need to multiply zi by K= the number of PSU's (in a stratum) only in the for...
the of and to a in that is was he for it with as his on be at by i this had not are but from or have an they which one you were all her she there would their we him been has when who will no more if out so up said what its about than into them can only other time new...
Hence the probabilities of winning or losing a dollar (i.e., the probabilities of moving one step up or down in the slope) do not necessarily add up to one, but loop probabilities of neither winning or losing a dollar need to be taken into account when estimating expected times (winning...
For instance, we can multiply a 2 × 2 matrix by a 2 × 3 matrix since the columns for the first matrix equal the rows for the second matrix (i.e., the two inner terms). The product is a matrix whose dimension is the two outer terms. In this example, it is a 2 × 3 matrix...