Do quarks have mass? Quarks have anastonishingly wide range of masses. ... According to their results, the up quark weighs approximately 2 mega electron volts (MeV), which is a unit of energy, the down quark weighs approximately 4.8 MeV, and the strange quark weighs in at about 92 MeV....
This is a state where all the electrons are in their lowest possible energy states. Our sun as a white dwarf will have a core of mostly carbon and oxygen, which is the remnants of burning helium. Around this core will be a thin layer of helium, which will be the leftovers of helium...
What area of physics studies motion and its causes? Why do electrons just drift, and how do we know that if we can'tsee them? Why does their speed have to be constant? What wouldhappen if it slowed down or sped up? When...
The past is over. We can sit in the ashes of the life we knew and the identity of who we thought we were and go on from there by making an effort to discover our essential, authentic self, which is beyond ego and beyond the illusion of who we “think” we are, or who we though...
We start with a 3-sphere, which we'll denote with U (the Universe). This exists in E4-space. Then we have a 2-sphere, which is the boundary for a 3-ball which we will denote with E (an Element), which is defined in E3-space. We then discover an arbitrary solution to the ori...
Gas has mass, so if you put a lot of it in one place, it collapses in on itself under its own weight. That creates pressure on the interior of the proto-star, which heats up the gas until it gets so hot that the electrons get stripped off the atoms and the gas becomes charged, ...
Reservoirs of oxygen-rich iron between the Earth's core and mantle could have played a major role in Earth's history, including the breakup of supercontinents, drastic changes in Earth's atmospheric makeup, and the creation of life, according to recent w
Why did we come to have those preferences?" Rand and his colleagues built a series of computer players, each of which had a specific strategy describing how much they would offer, and how much they would accept. Each round, all the computer players played the game with one another. Then ...
A: One of the main challenges in modeling indirectly observed epidemics is a lack of data. In our case, we had information on all infected dolphins that had been found stranded on shore, but had no data on the number of individuals that became infected but did not strand. The strength of...
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