The Automatograph was developed by psychologist Joseph Jastrow in the mid-19th century. Jastrow was an strong opponent of spiritualism, and his Automatograph was designed to debunk spiritualism by documenting a psychological, rather than spiritual, basis for unconscious movements. So, while the Ouija...
Previously known as Workmen’s Compensation, the concept of providing compensation against workplace injuries via legislative fiat dates back to the late 19th century. In Singapore today, manual workers are covered regardless of salary. With the changes proposed under this Bill, non-manual workers ...
Protons are subatomic particles that, along with neutrons, comprise the nucleus or central portion of an atom. The rest of the atom consists of electrons that orbit the nucleus, much as Earth orbits the sun. Protons can also exist outside an atom, in the atmosphere or in space. In 1920,...
Liquid crystals, on the other hand, are not a singular substance. First discovered in the 19th century by scientists trying to determine the molecular weight of cholesterol, liquid crystals are actually a classification of compounds that comprise a fourth state of matter: The rod- or plate...
DuringWorld War II, the city ofFrankfurtcarried special significance in that it served as the capital of Germany during the 19th century and featured the largest office building in Europe where the headquarters for Nazi wartime research was based. Therefore, due to its strategic importance, the Al...
climate change and the role of women in the Church, among other issues. The split has grown wider in recent years as a growing segment of conservative Catholics becomes increasingly vocal and assertive. Pope Francis…saw his popularity decline in the U.S. over timeas the conservative influence...
Theosophy is a pseudo-religion established in the United States during the late 19th century by esoterist, Helena Blavatsky. It draws its teachings predominantly from Blavatsky’s writings. Theosophy became very popular almost immediately.Scholarscategorized it as part of Westernesotericismand drew upon...
Bees are key to agriculture, but populations have dropped in recent years. Almost half the honeybee colonies in the United States died between April 2022 and April 2023.6This new technology can encourage more beekeeping and promote the growth of more colonies, while improving crop yields and fighti...
argue that the U.S.—widely seen as an avatar of a free market capitalist system—achieved its 20th century heights of power and prosperity only after the expansion of government controls, social programs, and oversight agencies via the New Deal of the 1930s and the Great Society of the ...
Some “old” vines (often referred to as “gnarly vines”) still remain today from the original plantings here in Napa Valley during the 19th century and these vines produce rich, concentrated renditions of this varietal. Common White Varieties in Napa Valley and Their Typical Tasting Profiles ...