This paper considers unit labor costs (ulcs), i.e., the ratio of the wage rate to labor productivity, as the indicator of competitiveness in the Philippines. It is shown that ulcs have an interpretation from the point of view of the functional distribution of income (i.e., the distribut...
For this, Yang Xinhong emphasized the importance of "industry support." It is crucial to align production with market demand to achieve an effective supply-side increase in output and income. Data shows that in 2023, Guangdong's total retail sales of consumer goods reached 4.75 trillion yuan, ...
Rising unemployment in the early 1990's, perhaps surprisingly, did not just increase income inequality. More importantly, the numbers of the unemployed below the poverty line (50 per cent of national average income) have risen from 1994. One of the most striking findings of our study is that...
"What difference does it make (to be in the Middle Income Trap)?": An empirical exploration of the drivers of growth slowdowns Persistent growth slowdown, generally called Middle-Income Trap (MIT), is a growing concern for middle income countries' governments and for regional and i... RR ...
pandemic outbreaks have typically originated from animal viruses before crossing over to humans. These can spread rapidly around the world because people do not have the immunity needed to fight the new infection. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, the sixth pandemic declared in ...
[Markers of inequality in self-rated health in Brazilian adults according to sex] The aim of this study was to analyze self-rated health in Brazil's adult population according to markers of health inequality (color or race, region of residence, schooling, per capita household income, and socia...
overseas,the essay briefly discusses the reformation and improvement of personal income tax in China.Actually,considering various facets of situations nowadays,the compound income tax which is the best one to China is the unadvoidable choice of tax system reform of personal income tax in China.关键...
The paper also discusses the dynamics of labor share and capital share in national income as well as the functional distribution of income. Some major features of Thailands long-run economy are the following : (i) increasing average wage rates, (ii) stabilizing profit rates (slightly increasing...
In Australia the figure was less than a twelfth. Though we spent less than the OECD average on welfare benefits (which keeps our taxes below OECD averages), our own targeting was so tight that we redistributed more to the poor than any other OECD country. And disposable income for ...
On the other hand, it was proved that in the period analysed, there was a faster-than-CPI rise in the prices of those goods and services the demand for which is relatively inelastic, and a positive growth of households' real income has been observed over the recent decade. When looking ...