Lesions:They can be caused by various factors such as infections, inflammation, injury, or other conditions. Lesions can be small or large and may appear as spots, patches, or areas of tissue that look different from the surrounding healthy tissue. Lesions can be noncancerous (benign) or can...
In this review, we will highlight the importance of cancer germline antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) and the factors affecting antitumor CTL responses. In light of cancer immunotherapy, we will emphasis the need to further understand t
PCa = prostate cancer; PD = progressive disease; PDT = photodynamic therapy; PET/CT = positron emission tomography/computed tomography; PGA = partial gland ablation; PIRADS = Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; PSMA = ...
The effect of high-dose isoflavone supplements on prostate cancer resulted in stabilization or reduction of PSA concentrations in 50% of isoflavone group patients six months after treatment. High doses of vitamin D supplementation plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal ...
In a different approach, a recent study explored the possibility of breast CSC differentiation from differentiated cancer cells using the CSC’s distinct metabolic phenotype known as the Warburg effect [124]. The Warburg effect [131] indicates that enhanced glycolysis is the marker of CSC metabolism...
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Breast cancer cells also secrete many others into the metastatic niche, which influence bone metastasis (Table 1). PTHrP is classically a major player, with elevated expression in tumors that have metastasized to the bone as opposed to tumors that have a visceral metastasis [60], although ...