The inclusion of sex as a biological variable in research is absolutely essential for improving our understanding of disease mechanisms contributing to risk and resilience. Studies focusing on examining sex differences have demonstrated across many level
If an athlete is injecting testosterone, what happens to GnRH, LH and FSH secretion? Gonadotropin: The anterior pituitary releases gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone). Gonadotropin effect differently in males and females. Gonadotropin increases the producti...
What occurs in the heart during the Q-T interval? If each beat of your heart pushes out 50 mL of blood and your heart rate of 65 beats per minute, how long does it take for 10 L of your blood to move through your heart?
First, let’s examine more closely how and why the fight-or-flight response occurs. The Physiological Effects of Stress Our bodies come equipped with automatic responses to our environments that allow the body to function optimally. For example, the body maintains its temperature within a narrow ...
a several abdominal crushing injury like that of the impact of the steering wheel during a car accident. Rupture leads to the exposure and spread of the pancreatic juice to the adjacent regions leading to invasion. Eventual digestion of the tissues occurs which causes severe pain in the patient...
it is likely that exposure to stressors during mental and genetic factors, for a neuropsychiatric condition adolescence or impaired CRF pathway function could shape that occurs two to three times more frequently in females these limbic brain areas critical to emotionality, possibly in a than males ...
When kidney injury occurs, some AAs, such as glutamine, glycine, and arginine, may become overaccumulated or deficient. This AA metabolic imbalance affects cell signal transduction, resulting in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, thus exacerbating renal fibrosis progression [115, 116]. ...
Apoptosis is a normal process during development, and is also a defense mecha- nism which occurs during immune reaction or when cells are damaged; it is the other primary method by which cells die during ischemia[2, 53]. In contrast to the uncontrolled degenera- tion which occurs by ...
Discuss one specific event that occurs during excitation of a muscle fiber and why it is important. Explain the process of transmission of nerve impulses. Describe the role of the sarcolemma in the excitation of a skeletal muscle fiber. Explain the mechanism for the effect of ...
What describes a situation in which the release of a hormone occurs as a result of a nerve impulse? What is the activation energy of a chemical reaction? What is the term for reactions that require energy input? What stops the body's sympathetic NS response when threat of danger is gone?