94. Barbara G, Stanghellini V, De Giorgio R, Cremon C, Cottrell GS, Santini D, Pasquinelli G, Morselli-Labate AM, Grady EF, Bunnett NW. Activated mast cells in proximity to colonic nerves correlate with abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:693-702. [...
Answer to: If t-lymphocytes that failed the negative selection test were not destroyed, one might predict that the person would suffer from what...
As the HIV population continues to live longer as a result of antiretroviral therapy, liver-related mortality has become one of the leading causes of non-AIDS related death in this patient population. The liver possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity but undergoes complex biological changes in r...
Tumor cells utilize immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) to evade T-cell recognition and immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), while often efficacious for ant...
A: There are many ways. For example, suppose that 25 people who have received the hepatitis B vaccine come down with hepatitis. Well, hep B is a liver disease. But you can call liver disease many things. You can change the diagnosis. Then you’ve concealed the root cause of the proble...
Th cells control adaptive immunity against pathogens, while Treg cells counterbalance the potentially deleterious effects of Th cells. Specifically, Th1 cells promote atherosclerosis by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, sustaining chronic inflammation and contributing...
LAB are of paramount importance in the prevention of CRC. Insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms which include apoptosis, antioxidant, immune responses, and epigenetics opened the door for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Although a wide range of studies has shown the rema...
3. Organs on-a-Chip Micromachines 2020, 11, 646 4 of 29 laboratory experiments—"Lab on-a-chip"—were the beginning of the currently developing "organ- Micromachines 2020, 11, 646 4 of 29 on-a-chip" technology, which significantly influences medical sciences. In OOC systems, a cell ...