Structure discovery.This focuses on the formatting of the data, making sure everything is uniform and consistent. It uses basic statistical analysis to return information about the validity of the data. Content
Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease that is caused by obligate intra-macrophage protozoa, is endemic in large areas of the tropics, subtropics and the Mediterranean basin (Fig. 1). This disease is characterized by both diversity and complexity1: it is caused by more than 20 leishmanial speci...
In data analysis, not only do we analyze the quantitative characteristics and relationships of the overall data, but we also explore internal group analysis of the entire dataset.This method involves dividing data analysis objects into different parts and types based on their characteristics and certai...
Low response and other research issues.In research studies, a lack of responses or willing participants raises questions about thevalidity of the datathat's collected. Other research challenges include training people to collect the data and creating sufficient quality assurance procedures to ensure the...
In light of these peculiarities, we propose that a more nuanced differentiation of both ability and motivation is required for laypeople to determine the credibility of scientific sources and the validity of their messages. Building on previous theoretical considerations and empirical findings, we assume...
To avoid any doubts, it should always be stated what aspect of the resilience framework (e.g., which component of the “resilience backbone”) is considered and how this affects the scope of validity of the respective study findings. Furthermore, we believe that the consideration of a single...
Concerning the last point, which is of greatest interest to this study, consumers may experience difficulty in assessing the validity of food products’ sustainability claims not only because of companies’ greenwashing strategies but also due to a staggering label proliferation. At the end of 2021,...
Limitations of the study include its exclusive UK focus (the external validity of findings to other healthcare systems is unknown); the self-selecting nature of participants in a quality improvement collaborative (our patient advisory group suggested that the MDTs observed in this study may have rep...
Two articles used retrospective quantitative analysis to measure the impact of data exclusivity clauses in the US-Jordan FTA on the availability of generics and the cost of medicines [28] and the additional cost to the private market due to delayed entry of generics [39]. The studies found th...
Scientific assessment of sustainable development strategies provides decision-makers with quantitative information about the strategies’ potential effect. This assessment is often done by forward-looking or prospective computer models of society’s...