At first glance, addiction and physical dependence can appear quite similar; however, there are some important distinctions between them. While addiction is characterized by compulsive use of a substance, dependence simply means that the body needs the drug in order to function. Substance abuse as ...
According to the first sentence in Paragraph 2, pervasive means widely spread or common in a society.Repeated use of a substance can lead to substance dependence due to an increased tolerance and the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Drugs (s...
Addiction is a disorder of this reward system, and since the reward system is all about learning, researchers have called addiction a kind of “pathological learning”. We learn to crave things in excess of what is healthy, to the point where we actually learn behaviors that are detrimental r...
Watching porn is an escalating habits in that users can develop a tolerance, which means the porn that when used to excite them begins to be boring. This additionally translates to their intercourse in actual life. It may well just begin to appear boring in comparison with what they’re watc...
The combination of depressive states and manic states changes addiction from periods of binge use during depression to periods of less frequent use during mania. Erratic drug use in those with bipolar results in an increased risk of overdosing as tolerance levels fluctuate. ...
adjust to account for its regular presence. This is called tolerance; it diminishes the drug’s effect and means more is required to produce the same experience. Alcohol, for instance, increases the transmission of chemical messengers like endorphin and GABA, which promote ...
To the Editor:鈥 We were distressed to learn that an authority in the field of addiction, publishing on methadone treatment (see p 949), could have so little understanding of the pharmacology of methadone or of our motives. Clarification... Dole,P Vincent - 《Jama the Journal of the Americ...
An addictive personality is defined by: A 185% increase in dopamine levels when using cocaine or amphetamine, a 140% increase in serotonin levels when using clor...
Physical addiction to heroin means it is very tough to stop taking the drug as the body changes, putting the user through traumatic mental and physical side effects.身体上对海洛因的依赖意味着，随着身体变化，停止服用药物并非易事，这给使用者带来了精神上和身体上的双重副作用创伤。A user who has ...
including headaches and tiredness. Caffeine-containing chocolate may produce similar effects. Neither substance causes the kinds of life problems found in drug addiction, although some coffee drinkers develop a tolerance to caffeine and need to drink more to get the same "buzz" or sense of alertnes...